Electrochemically mediated gradient metallic film generation

Abstract

Metallic films with a controlled gradient can be fabricated on substrates via electrochemically induced metallic ion deposition. This method uses a syringe pump to uniformly move down an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate into Cu(II) electrolyte slowly and vertically, inducing an electrochemical deposition process after the solution contacts the ITO. Metallic films with controlled gradients and specific morphologies were generated by altering the speed of the ITO movement, voltage or Cu(II) ionic concentration. This technology is efficient and useful for preparing metal gradient films on ITO via electrochemical deposition.