B48−: a bilayer boron cluster

Abstract

Size-selected negatively-charged boron clusters (B_n⁻) have been found to be planar or quasi-planar in a wide size range. Even though cage structures emerged as the global minimum at B₃₉⁻, the global minimum of B₄₀⁻ was in fact planar. Only in the neutral form did the B₄₀ borospherene become the global minimum. How the structures of larger boron clusters evolve is of immense interest. Here we report the observation of a bilayer B₄₈⁻ cluster using photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The photoelectron spectra of B₄₈⁻ exhibit two well-resolved features at low binding energies, which are used as electronic signatures to compare with theoretical calculations. Global minimum searches and theoretical calculations indicate that both the B₄₈⁻ anion and the B₄₈ neutral possess a bilayer-type structure with D_2h symmetry. The simulated spectrum of the D_2h B₄₈⁻ agrees well with the experimental spectral features, confirming the bilayer global minimum structure. The bilayer B₄₈^−/0 clusters are found to be highly stable with strong interlayer covalent bonding, revealing a new structural type for size-selected boron clusters. The current study shows the structural diversity of boron nanoclusters and provides experimental evidence for the viability of bilayer borophenes.