Physico-chemical properties of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) diazonium ion: a theoretical investigation

Abstract

We have explored the physico-chemical properties of NNK diazonium ion to gain insight into its shape, bonding, charge distribution, and ro-vibrational features. This information is essential if the chemical reactivity and physical properties of this important intermediate are to be understood. NNK diazonium ion is a well-known alkylating agent. Its enzymatic production, its reaction with DNA, and its role in mutagenesis/carcinogenesis have all received significant experimental study. Computational work on the ion, however, is lacking. The species is sufficiently small such that its properties may be probed using sophisticated model chemistries. We present the first in silico investigation of NNK diazonium ion. Kohn–Sham density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311G**) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD/6-31G*) were deployed to obtain energies, geometries, electrostatic potential surfaces, molecular orbitals, and vibrational analyses for several energy-minimized structures. To provide insight into the motion of NNK diazonium ion (NNKDI) in solution, molecular dynamics simulations on the solvated intermediate were undertaken. To explore the initial reactivity of this important electrophile, local Fukui indices and natural population analysis charges were predicted. Analogous ab initio work on propane diazonium ion was also performed. Our vibrational analyses suggest a relatively weak carbon–nitrogen bond and a robust nitrogen–nitrogen interaction. Our condensed Fukui indices show that the terminal nitrogen is a site of significant electrophilicity while our electrostatic predictions yield high values near the formally charged nitrogen and its α carbon.