Issue 47, 2021

Effects of graphene oxide size on curing kinetics of epoxy resin

Abstract

To study the effects of graphene oxide (GO) size on the curing kinetics of epoxy resin (EP), two kinds of GO were selected and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), FT-Raman spectrometry (FTIR-Raman), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the two kinds of GO had similar chemical structures but different sizes—the average particle size of GO-A was 190.1 nm and that of GO-B was 1510 nm, and GO-A has more oxidizing groups on its surface. The two kinds of GO were separately added to EP, and the curing kinetics of GO/EP composites and neat EP were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It can be seen that the addition of GO promoted the curing process of the EP system, and GO-A had a more significant catalytic effect. Furthermore, the curing activation energy (Ea) was calculated by Kissinger model, and the change of Ea in the whole curing reaction process was studied by Ozawa method to further understand the curing mechanism. It showed that the apparent Ea of EP system increases with the increase of the conversion rate, and Ea of EP-A is obviously lower in the early curing stage. However, as the curing reaction proceeds, Ea of EP-B is a little lower than that of EP-A in the later curing stage. But EP-A has the lowest Ea combined with the whole process from Kissinger method. To sum up, it can be concluded that the curing process of EP can be promoted by adding GO and the smaller size (190.1 nm) of GO had a greater effect and lower Ea than the GO with particle size of 1510 nm. And the related mechanisms were discussed and analyzed.

Graphical abstract: Effects of graphene oxide size on curing kinetics of epoxy resin

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Jul 2021
Accepted
22 Aug 2021
First published
01 Sep 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 29215-29226

Effects of graphene oxide size on curing kinetics of epoxy resin

X. Chen, W. Jiang, B. Hu, Z. Liang, Y. Zhang, J. Kang, Y. Cao and M. Xiang, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 29215 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA05234A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements