Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition growth of vertically aligned SnS2 and SnSe2 nanosheets

Abstract

Laminated metal dichalcogenides are candidates for different potential applications ranging from catalysis to nanoelectronics. However, efforts are still needed to optimize synthesis methods aiming to control the number of layers, morphology, and crystallinity, parameters that govern the properties of the synthesized materials. Another important parameter is the thickness and the length of the samples with the possibility of large-scale growth of target homogeneous materials. Here, we report a chemical vapor deposition method at atmospheric pressure to produce vertically aligned tin dichalcogenide based-materials. Tin disulfide (SnS₂) and tin diselenide (SnSe₂) vertically aligned nanosheets have been synthesized and characterized by different methods showing their crystallinity and purity. Homogenous crystalline 2H-phase SnS₂ nanosheets with high purity were synthesized with vertical orientation on substrates; sulfur vacancies were observed at the edges of the sheets. Similarly, in the crystalline 2H phase SnSe₂ nanosheets selenium vacancies were observed at the edges. Moreover, these nanosheets are larger than the SnS₂ nanosheets, show lower nanosheet homogeneity on substrates and contamination with selenium atoms from the synthesis was observed. The synthesized nanomaterials are interesting in various applications where the edge accessibility and/or directionality of the nanosheets play a major role as for example in gas sensing or field emission.