Designing conductive networks of hybrid carbon enables stable and long-lifespan cotton-fiber-based lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

In modern society, flexible rechargeable batteries have become a burgeoning apodictic choice for wearable devices. Conventional lithium–sulfur batteries lack sufficient flexibility because their electrode materials are too rigid to bend. Along with the inherent high theoretical capacity of sulfur, lithium–sulfur batteries have some issues, such as dissolution and shuttle effect of polysulfides, which restricts their efficiency and practicability. Here, a flexible and “dead-weight”-free lithium–sulfur battery substrate with a three-dimensional structure was prepared by a simple strategy. With the cooperative assistance of carbon nanotubes and graphene attached to cotton fibers, the lithium–sulfur battery with 2.0 mg cm⁻² sulfur provided a high initial discharge capacity of 1098.7 mA h g⁻¹ at 1C, and the decay rate after 300 cycles was only 0.046% per cycle. The initial discharge capacity at 2C was 872.4 mA h g⁻¹ and the capacity was maintained 734.4 mA h g⁻¹ after 200 cycles with only a 0.079% per cycle decay rate.