Interface engineering of mesoporous triphasic cobalt–copper phosphides as active electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Abstract

Efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting are essential for viable generation of highly purified hydrogen. Hence there is a need to develop robust catalysts to eliminate barriers associated with sluggish kinetics associated with both anodic oxygen and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. Herein, we report a two-step nanocasting-solid phase phosphorization approach to generate ordered mesoporous triphasic phosphides CoP@Cu₂P-Cu₃P. We show that it is a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst useful for overall water splitting. The mesoporous triphasic CoP@Cu₂P-Cu₃P only requires a low overpotential of 255 mV and 188 mV to achieve 10 mA cm⁻² for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, respectively. The combination of mesoporous pores (∼5.6 nm) with very thin walls (∼3.7 nm) and conductive networks in triphasic CoP@Cu₂P-Cu₃P enable rapid rate of electron transfer and mass transfer. In addition, when CoP@Cu₂P-Cu₃P is used to fabricate symmetric electrodes, the high surface area mesoporous structure and synergetic effects between phases together contribute to a low cell voltage of 1.54 V to drive a current density 10 mA cm⁻². This performance is superior to noble-metal-based Pt/C–IrO₂/C. This work provides a new approach for the facile design and application of multiphase phosphides as highly active bifunctional and stable electrocatalysts for water-alkali electrolyzers.