A high areal capacity sodium-ion battery anode enabled by a free-standing red phosphorus@N-doped graphene/CNTs aerogel

Abstract

A novel and facile strategy for fabricating red phosphorus@nitrogen doped graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel (P@NGCA) is proposed as a free-standing anode for high energy sodium-ion batteries. Owing to an optimized structure of red P uniformly confined in porous NGCA with high conductivity and mechanical stability, the free-standing P@NGCA anode exhibits outstanding sodium storage performance with a high areal capacity of 3.3 mA h cm⁻² and superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 80%.