Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles

Christopher J. Crissman; Mianzhen Mo; Zhijiang Chen; Jie Yang; Diego A. Huyke; Siegfried H. Glenzer; Kathryn Ledbetter; J. Pedro F. Nunes; May Ling Ng; Hengzi Wang; Xiaozhe Shen; Xijie Wang; Daniel P. DePonte

doi:10.1039/D1LC00757B

Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles†

Christopher J. Crissman,

*^abc Mianzhen Mo,

^c Zhijiang Chen,

^c Jie Yang,

^cd Diego A. Huyke,

^ce Siegfried H. Glenzer,^c Kathryn Ledbetter,

^fg J. Pedro F. Nunes,

^g May Ling Ng,^c Hengzi Wang,^c Xiaozhe Shen,

^c Xijie Wang

^c and Daniel P. DePonte

*^c

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
E-mail: chris@crissman.us

^b Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA

^c SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
E-mail: deponte@slac.stanford.edu

^d Department of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Strategy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

^e Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

^f Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA

^g Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA

Abstract

We report on the design and testing of glass nozzles used to produce liquid sheets. The sheet nozzles use a single converging channel chemically etched into glass wafers by standard lithographic methods. Operation in ambient air and vacuum was demonstrated. The measured sheet thickness ranges over one order of magnitude with the smallest thickness of 250 nm and the largest of 2.5 μm. Sheet thickness was shown to be independent of liquid flow rate, and dependent on the nozzle outlet area. Sheet surface roughness was dependent on nozzle surface finish and was on the order of 10 nm for polished nozzles. Electron transmission data is presented for various sheet thicknesses near the MeV mean free path and the charge pair distribution function for D₂O is determined from electron scattering data.

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Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles†

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Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles

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