Issue 24, 2022, Issue in Progress
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RSC Advances

Effect of humic acid on phenanthrene removal by constructed wetlands using birnessite as a substrate†

Xiaotong Shen,a   Jian Zhang, ORCID logo *bc   Huijun Xie, ORCID logo d   Shuang Liang,c   Huu Hao Ngoe  and  Wenshan Guo ORCID logo e  

* Corresponding authors

a Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China

b College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
E-mail: zhangjian00@sdu.edu.cn

c Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

d Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

e School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

Abstract

The binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to humic acid (HA) can boost the complexation–flocculation process and promote pollutant oxidation through the role of HA as an electron shuttle. HA-coated biochar (BA) was added to study the effects of HA on phenanthrene (PHE) removal by constructed wetlands (CWs) using birnessite as a substrate. HA reduced the average PHE concentration of effluent by 26.58% due to its role as a complexing agent, based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. For CWs with birnessite, the PHE removal performance was further enhanced due to the role of electron shuttles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and illumina high-throughput analysis revealed an enhanced Mn–Fe cycle. The total relative proportions of Mn-oxidizing bacteria and iron-oxidizing bacteria in VFBCW-HA/BA were 2.33 and 5.50 times as high as those in VFBCW-BA and VFCW-HA/BA. Humic acid also accelerated the biodegradation of PAHs and the quantity of PAH degradative bacteria in VFBCW-HA/BA was 6.29 times greater than in VFBCW-BA.

Graphical abstract: Effect of humic acid on phenanthrene removal by constructed wetlands using birnessite as a substrate

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA06927F
Article type
Paper
Submitted
16 Sep 2021
Accepted
24 Mar 2022
First published
18 May 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 15231-15239

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Effect of humic acid on phenanthrene removal by constructed wetlands using birnessite as a substrate

X. Shen, J. Zhang, H. Xie, S. Liang, H. H. Ngo and W. Guo, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 15231 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA06927F

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