Plasmonic enhancement of the antibacterial photodynamic efficiency of a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran graft polyacrylamide anionic copolymer/Au nanoparticles hybrid nanosystem

Abstract

A zinc tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran graft polyacrylamide anionic copolymer/Au nanoparticles (ZnTPP/D-g-PAAan/AuNPs) triple hybrid nanosystem was synthesized in water-based solution as a nanodrug for potential photodynamic therapy applications. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the nanosystem is stable against aggregation and sedimentation for several days after preparation. The dependence of the ZnTPP fluorescence intensity on the gold concentration in the ZnTPP/D-g-PAAan/AuNPs nanosystem has been revealed to be non-monotonic, with a maximum 2.5-fold enhancement at a concentration of 0.008 g L⁻¹. The non-monotonic dependence was explained to be caused by two competing processes, namely plasmonic enhancement and FRET, indicating the existence of an optimal concentration of Au NPs that can provide the highest plasmonic enhancement of the electronic processes involving the ZnTPP photosensitizer. A 2.6-fold enhancement of singlet oxygen photogeneration under excitation resonant with the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Au NPs has been detected for ZnTPP/D-g-PAAan/AuNPs, proving the plasmonic origin of this phenomenon. The high bactericidal efficiency of ZnTPP/D-g-PAAan/AuNPs water-based solution under 420 nm and 530 nm light irradiation was revealed against wild strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the ZnTPP/D-g-PAAan/AuNPs nanosystem can potentially be used in photodynamic therapy for the prevention and treatment of the bacterial contamination of open wounds.