Issue 19, 2023

Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases have remained the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years. The current clinical therapeutic measures, including bypass surgery, stent implantation and pharmacotherapy, are not enough to repair the massive loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial ischemia. Timely replenishment with functional myocardial tissue via biomedical engineering is the most direct and effective means to improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients. It is widely recognized that 4D printing technology introduces an additional dimension of time in comparison with traditional 3D printing. Additionally, in the context of 4D bioprinting, both the printed material and the resulting product are designed to be biocompatible, which will be the mainstream of bioprinting in the future. Thus, this review focuses on the application of 4D bioprinting in cardiovascular diseases, discusses the bottleneck of the development of 4D bioprinting, and finally looks forward to the future direction and prospect of this revolutionary technology.

Graphical abstract: Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
23 Feb 2023
Accepted
26 Jul 2023
First published
27 Jul 2023

Biomater. Sci., 2023,11, 6403-6420

Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering

Z. Zhou, W. Tang, J. Yang and C. Fan, Biomater. Sci., 2023, 11, 6403 DOI: 10.1039/D3BM00312D

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