An anionic porphyrinylphosphonate-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework: optimization of proton conductivity through the exchange of counterions

Abstract

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) possessing high crystallinity, simple synthetic procedure and easy regeneration provide high efficiency as multifunctional systems, including applications as proton conductors. Porphyrinylphosphonates having acidic moieties, which can form multiple hydrogen bonds, together with tunable physical–chemical properties of a macrocycle may significantly improve the proton conductivity of such materials. Herein, the synthesis, characterization and proton-conducting properties of a novel anionic HOF based on a new complex of palladium(II) with meso-tetrakis(4-(phosphonatophenyl))porphyrin, HOF-IPCE-1Pd, are reported. Directed structural transformation of the framework by the exchange of dimethylammonium counterions for ammonium cations along with the absorption of ammonia and water molecules led to the formation of a more hydrolytically stable structure of HOF-IPCE-1Pd-NH₃, demonstrating the proton conductivity of 1.27 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 85 °C and 85% RH, which is one of the highest among all known HOFs based on porphyrins. It is noteworthy that the reversible absorbance of water/ammonia molecules preserves the crystal structure of HOF-IPCE-1Pd-NH₃.