Modeling and simulation for Cattaneo–Christov heat analysis of entropy optimized hybrid nanomaterial flow

Abstract

Here, the hydromagnetic entropy optimized flow of a hybrid (Pb + Fe₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂) nanoliquid by a curved stretchable surface is addressed. The Darcy–Forchheimer model is utilized for porous space. Lead (Pb) and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) are considered the nanoparticles and ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂) as the base liquid. Thermal expression consists of dissipation and ohmic heating. Entropy generation is under consideration. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux impact is discussed. Non-dimensional partial expressions by adequate transformations have been reduced to ordinary differential systems. The ND-solve technique is implemented for numerical solutions of dimensionless systems. Graphical illustrations of velocity, thermal field and entropy against influential variables for both nanoliquid (Pb/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanoliquid (Pb + Fe₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂) are presented. Graphical illustrations of velocity, thermal field and entropy against sundry variables for both nanoliquid (Pb/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanoliquid (Pb + Fe₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂) are presented. Influences of sundry variables on the Nusselt number and drag force for both nanoliquid (Pb/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanoliquid (Pb + Fe₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂) are examined. A higher thermal relaxation time tends to intensify the heat transport rate and temperature. An increment in the magnetic variable leads to an enhancement of the entropy and thermal field. An improvement in liquid flow is seen for volume fraction variables. Velocity against the porosity variable and Forchheimer number is reduced. The Brinkman number leads to maximization of entropy generation.