Natural products with 1,2-oxazine scaffold: occurrence, chemical diversity, bioactivity, synthesis, and biosynthesis

Abstract

Covering: up to the end of July, 2023

1,2-Oxazine is a heterocyclic scaffold rarely found in natural products and is characterized by a directly connected N–O bond in a six-membered ring. Since the discovery of geneserine, the first 1,2-oxazine-containing natural product (1,2-oxazine NP) being isolated from Calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum) in 1925, a total of 76 naturally occurring 1,2-oxazine NPs have been isolated and identified from various sources, which have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of natural product chemistry, organic synthesis, biosynthesis, and pharmacology. This review summarizes the chemical family of 1,2-oxazine NPs, focusing on their source organisms, structural diversities, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis.