A highly efficient metal oxide incorporated metal organic framework [Nd2O3-MIL(Fe)-88A] for the electrochemical detection of dichlorvos

Abstract

In this study, a Nd₂O₃@MIL(Fe)-88A composite was prepared through a hydrothermal method and used to detect dichlorvos. The XRD result demonstrated that the prepared sensor is highly crystalline in nature. The affinity of metal oxide and MIL(Fe)-88A could be utilised to overcome low stability and sensitivity owing to their synergistic and electronic effects. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) exhibits the electrocatalytic behaviour of Nd₂O₃@MIL(Fe)-88A; it functions at a lower potential at −0.5 to 0.8 V and has a wide linear range of 1–250 nM. It shows a very low detection limit of 0.92 nM with good sensitivity (4.42 mA nM⁻¹) and selectivity. The developed Nd₂O₃@MIL(Fe)-88A sensor was successfully applied to detect dichlorvos in real analysis. The recovery range calculated for cabbage and orange extracts was 96–97% and 99.5–103.4%, respectively, and RSD% calculated for cabbage and orange extracts was from 1.40 to 3.39% and from 0.64 to 2.26%, respectively.