Optimal preparation of a core–shell structural magnetic nanoadsorbent for efficient tetracycline removal

Abstract

As emerging contaminants, tetracyclines pose a severe threat to aquatic environments and human health. Therefore, developing efficient approaches to remove tetracyclines from water has attracted a large amount of interest. Herein, a novel core–shell structural magnetic nanoadsorbent (FSMAS) was facilely prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) monomers on the surface of vinyl-modified Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ (FSM). From single factor experiments, the optimal graft copolymerization conditions were concluded to be the following: initiator concentration = 1.2‰, reaction pH = 9, monomer molar ratio = 7 : 3. The surface morphology, microstructure and physicochemical properties of as-prepared FSMAS were fully evaluated by different characterization techniques, including SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM. The adsorption performance of FSMAS towards tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was systematically studied by batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that the adsorption capability of the adsorbent was largely enhanced after graft copolymerization. The removal rate of TCH by FSMAS reached 95% at solution pH = 4.0, almost 10 times higher than FSM. Besides, the adsorption process of TCH by FSMAS was very efficient, 75% of pollutant could be adsorbed after only 10 minutes, attributed to the stretch of polymer chains and the strong affinity provided by abundant functional groups. Furthermore, TCH-loaded FSMAS was easily regenerated with HCl solution, the regeneration rate was higher than 80% after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Superior adsorption capability, fast solid–liquid separation speed and satisfactory reusability demonstrated the great potential of FSMAS in practical tetracycline removal.