Ultrasonic irradiation-assisted MnFe2O4 nanoparticles catalyzed solvent-free selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde at room temperature

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) play a vital role in heterogeneous catalysis because of their easy separation, and effective recyclability. Herein, we report the synthesis of MnFe₂O₄ NPs for use as catalysts in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under mild conditions. The MnFe₂O₄ NPs have been synthesized by precipitation method followed by hydrothermal ageing at 180 °C for 4.0 h. We have investigated the effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose on the size or morphology of the formed MnFe₂O₄ NPs. The X-ray diffraction study confirms the formation of pure and crystalline MnFe₂O₄ with varying average crystallite sizes ranging from 18 to 28 nm based on the type of additive used. The electron microscopy study reveals that the additive plays a significant role in controlling the morphology of the formed MnFe₂O₄ NPs. These MnFe₂O₄ NPs exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature and can effectively catalyze the solvent-free selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation. The developed protocol can be extended to various substituted benzyl alcohols having both the electron withdrawing and electron donating groups to afford moderate to excellent yield of the products. The catalyst is magnetically retrievable, highly stable, and can be reused up to the sixth run without significant loss of catalytic activity.