Novel flurbiprofen clubbed oxadiazole derivatives as potential urease inhibitors and their molecular docking study

Abstract

In this study, twenty eight novel oxadiazole derivatives (5–32) of the marketed available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), (S)-flurbiprofen (1), were synthesized via I₂ mediated cyclo-addition reaction in better yields. The synthesized hydrazone-Schiff bases were cyclized with iodine by using potassium hydroxide as a base in DMSO solvent to obtain oxadiazole derivatives (5–32). Structures of the synthesized products were confirmed with HR-ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and CHN analysis. After structure confirmations all analogs were evaluated for urease (in vitro) inhibitory activity. Amongst the series, fourteen compounds 20, 26, 30, 24, 21, 16, 28, 31, 32, 7, 19, 13, 10, and 6 were found to be excellent inhibitors of urease enzyme, having IC₅₀ values of 12 ± 0.9 to 20 ± 0.5 μM, better than the standard thiourea (IC₅₀ = 22 ± 2.2 μM), whereas the remaining fourteen derivatives displayed good to moderate activity. The in silico study was executed to analyse the interaction between the active site of the enzyme (urease) and the produced compounds. The docking study revealed that compounds 20, 26, 30, 24, 21, 16, 28, 31, 32, 7, 19, 13, 10, and 6 had lower docking scores than the standard compound thiourea and revealed better interactions with the urease enzyme.