Highly sensitive capacitance-based nitrite sensing using polydopamine/AuNPs-modified screen-printed carbon electrode

Abstract

Regulatory bodies play a crucial role in establishing limits for food additives to ensure food quality and safety of food products, as excessive usage poses risks to consumers. In the context of processed animal-based foodstuffs, nitrite is commonly utilized as a means to slow down bacterial degradation. In this study, we have successfully leveraged the redox activity of an electrochemically deposited polydopamine (pDA) film onto gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCE) to develop a sensitive and versatile methodology for the detection of nitrite using redox capacitance spectroscopy. By exploiting the interaction of the AuNPs/pDA electroactive interface with the target nitrite ions, we observed distinct changes in the redox distribution, subsequently leading to modifications in the associated redox capacitance. This alteration enables the successful detection of nitrite, exhibiting a linear response within the concentration range of 10 to 500 μM, with a limit of detection of 1.98 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, we applied the developed sensor to analyze nitrite levels in processed meats, yielding good recoveries. These results demonstrate the potential of our approach as a promising method for routine detection of ions.