An investigative study into an oscillatory reaction in acoustically levitated droplets

Abstract

For the first time we have studied an oscillatory chemical reaction (the well-known Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction) in acoustically levitated droplets. Acoustically levitated droplets allow wall-less reaction studies, reduce consumption of sample/reagents, offer high throughput measurements, and enable environmentally friendly chemistry by significantly reducing plastic waste. In this work, microdroplets of the BZ reactants were mixed at the central axis of a low-cost acoustic levitator. The chemical reaction observed in acoustically levitated droplets proceeded in the same way as that in both stirred and unstirred vials where the volume of droplets was 750-fold lower than the solutions in vials. The observed oscillation frequency in droplets was lower than that observed in vials, possibly as a result of evaporative cooling of the droplets. This work has shown that oscillatory reactions can be successfully carried out in acoustically levitated droplets, which allows the application of this technique to areas such as analysis, synthesis and actuation of smart materials and studies of the origins of life.