Enabling a rapid SnO2 chemical bath deposition process for perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a common method to fabricate SnO₂ electron-transport layers in perovskite solar cells. However, this typically requires long deposition times, which is a significant drawback for the eventual commercialisation of perovskite solar cells. By applying ultrasonication during the chemical bath deposition process, higher rates of heterogenous nucleation were triggered, which accelerated the CBD process without sacrificing coverage. Deposition times of 15 min, 30 min and 45 min were investigated and 30 minutes was determined to be the optimal duration for the ultrasonication assisted chemical bath deposition with the current parameters.