Preparation of Janus fluorescent probe based on an asymmetrical silica and its application in glucose and alpha-fetoprotein detection

Abstract

Janus particles have been considered suitable for biomedicine owing to their asymmetric structure and unique properties. Although Janus particles have been applied in biosensing for dual-mode sensing, there are almost no reports for the detection of multiple indicators. In fact, many patients require different diagnoses, such as the examination of hepatogenic diseases in diabetics. Here, a Janus particle based on SiO₂ was synthesized using a Pickering emulsion method. A novel strategy for detecting glucose and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) based on different principles using this Janus particle was then constructed as a detection platform. Composed of adjustable dendritic silica loaded with gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) and spherical SiO₂ coupled with AFP antibody, this Janus fluorescent probe achieved the double detection of glucose and AFP. With the protection of dendritic silica, the enzyme temperature stability was enhanced. Moreover, the low limit of detection for glucose (0.5 μM in PBS and 2.5 μM in serum) and AFP (0.5 ng mL⁻¹) illustrated the feasibility of the application of the Janus material in integrated detection. This work not only supported the use of a Janus fluorescent probe as a detection platform toward glucose and AFP but also showed the potential of Janus particles in integrated detection in the future.