A pH-neutral bioactive glass empowered gelatin–chitosan–sodium phytate composite scaffold for skull defect repair

Abstract

The ideal skull defect repairing material should have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and contribute to osteogenesis. In this study, we designed and fabricated biodegradable, bioactive and mechanically robust porous scaffolds composed completely of biological materials. We used a gelatin–chitosan blend as the matrix, sodium phytate instead of toxic glutaraldehyde for cross-linking, and the pH-neutral bioactive glass (PSC) to improve biological activity and mechanical properties. The chitosan–gelatin–30%PSC/sodium phytate composite scaffold avoided the problems of high toxicity in conventional cross-linking agents with glutaraldehyde, the poor mechanical support of the pure chitosan or gelatin scaffold, and the mismatch of the degradation rate with bone repair, becoming a promising new candidate for skull defect repair.