Issue 4, 2024

Breath volatile organic compounds for chronic kidney disease progression monitoring

Abstract

Breath analysis may provide a convenient and non-invasive method for clinical monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, few breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicating progression of CKD have been reported. In this study, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for untargeted detection of breath VOCs in stage 1, 3, and 5 CKD patients. The results showed that, the levels of breath 4-heptanone, n-octane, and n-dodecane gradually increased from CKD stage 1 to stage 5, and their increasing rates from CKD stage 3 to stage 5 were higher than those from CKD stage 1 to stage 3. Gender, smoking habits, age, and body mass index (BMI) had insignificant impact on the levels of the three breath VOCs. The accuracies of the polynomial support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbour (KNN) models based on 4-heptanone + n-octane + n-dodecane combination in distinguishing CKD stages 1, 3, and 5 were 76.3% and 72.8%, respectively. The combination of 4-heptanone + n-octane + n-dodecane was superior to any single component for monitoring CKD progression. These discoveries have valuable implications for long-term clinical monitoring of CKD and improving our understanding of CKD.

Graphical abstract: Breath volatile organic compounds for chronic kidney disease progression monitoring

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
26 Jun 2023
Accepted
25 Oct 2023
First published
03 Nov 2023

Analyst, 2024,149, 1074-1080

Breath volatile organic compounds for chronic kidney disease progression monitoring

L. Li, J. Wang, F. Feng, J. Yan, B. Zhao, X. Li and Y. Zhong, Analyst, 2024, 149, 1074 DOI: 10.1039/D3AN01057K

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