Fast-charging anodes for lithium ion batteries: progress and challenges

Abstract

Slow charging speed has been a serious constraint to the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs), and therefore the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with fast-charging capability has become an urgent task. Thanks to its low price and excellent overall electrochemical performance, graphite has dominated the anode market for the past 30 years. However, it is difficult to meet the development needs of fast-charging batteries using graphite anodes due to their fast capacity degradation and safety hazards under high-current charging processes. This feature article describes the failure mechanism of graphite anodes under fast charging, and then summarizes the basic principles, current research progress, advanced strategies and challenges of fast-charging anodes represented by graphite, lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) and niobium-based oxides. Moreover, we look forward to the development prospects of fast-charging anodes and provide some guidance for future research in the field of fast-charging batteries.