Thermal evolution of a polymer–nanoparticle binary mixture

Abstract

We experimentally probe the microscopic variations in a model polymer–nanoparticle (NP) binary mixture (mixture of polybutadiene and clay nanoplatelets) across a thermal evolution path for which T_evolution > T_g(polymer). The evolution of the NP dispersion, NP crystallinity, polymer chain–NP interface, and nature of polymer chain–NP interaction are mapped for a spectrum of temperatures and NP concentrations constrained by experiments. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that thermal evolution does not influence the nature of interparticle dispersion and is also independent of NP concentration in the binary mixture. However, the NP crystalline order significantly reduces across the thermal evolution path. Thermal evolution induces a transition of a sharp polymer chain–NP interface to a diffuse interfacial layer. In contrast, an already diffuse polymer–NP interface existing in the binary mixture due to particle crowding at high NP concentrations undergoes no significant change in its nature across the evolution path. At all particle concentrations, thermal evolution changes the dominant interaction from polymer chain–polymer chain to polymer chain–NP. These insights aid in explaining the molecular origins of unique and anomalous behaviors shown by polymer–nanoparticle binary mixtures while undergoing thermal evolution.