An acid-chromic luminescent lanthanide metallogel for time-dependent information encryption and anti-counterfeiting

Abstract

Luminescent materials with dynamic color transformation demonstrate significant potential in advanced information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. In this study, we designed multi-color luminescent lanthanide metallogels featuring time-dependent color transformation. These materials are based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platforms, facilitating cascade energy transfer from the ligand 4,4′,4′′-[1,3,5-benzenetriyltris (carbonylimino)]trisbenzoic acid (H₃L) to Tb³⁺ ions and subsequently to Sulforhodamine 101. The emission color of the gels can be readily adjusted by the introduction of HCl, transitioning from initial green, yellow, light red, and red hues to blue, violet, pink, and deep red, respectively. Importantly, the color change in these gels is time-dependent, controlled by the hydrolysis time of glucono-δ-lactone, which modulates the luminescence intensity of H₃L, Tb³⁺, and Sulforhodamine 101. Exploiting these characteristics, we developed methods for information encryption utilizing 3D color codes and anti-counterfeiting flower patterns. These patterns undergo time-dependent transformations, generating a series of 3D codes and flower patterns that can only be recognized in a predetermined manner. These findings highlight the promising application of lanthanide metallogels in advanced information protection strategies.