Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO2 batteries during the cathode scaleup

Na Jiang; You Zeng; Qi Yang; Puda Lu; Keqi Qu; Lihang Ye; Xuejun Lu; Ziqiang Liu; Xixian Li; Yongchao Tang; Jinchao Cao; Shimou Chen; Chunyi Zhi; Jieshan Qiu

doi:10.1039/D4EE02871F

Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO₂ batteries during the cathode scaleup†

Na Jiang,‡^a You Zeng,‡^a Qi Yang,

*^a Puda Lu,^a Keqi Qu,^a Lihang Ye,^a Xuejun Lu,*^a Ziqiang Liu,^a Xixian Li,^a Yongchao Tang,^c Jinchao Cao,^e Shimou Chen,

^d Chunyi Zhi

^b and Jieshan Qiu*^a

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* Corresponding authors

^a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
E-mail: qi.yang@mail.buct.edu.cn, xj.lu@buct.edu.cn, qiujs@mail.buct.edu.cn

^b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China

^c School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

^d State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

^e Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256600, China

Abstract

MnO₂ is considered a promising cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), however there is a dilemma that it demonstrates high specific capacities at small mass loadings but sharp capacity shrikage at large mass loadings. Here, we uncover this dilemma and develop a deep ion mass transfer (DIMS) strategy. Alkaline zincate (ZHS) forms with the H⁺/Zn²⁺ co-intercalation, which partially covers the cathode surface at small mass loading while fully covers the cathode surface under large mass loading. DIMS involves regulating MnO₂ by interstitial carbon (IC@MnO₂) to suppress the affinity toward OH⁻/SO₄²⁻, thus impeding ZHS coverage. We develop an accurate method to quantify the zinc storage amount normalized by manganese, which shows that IC@MnO₂ exhibits zinc storage enhancement by 182.4% compared to bare MnO₂. IC@MnO₂ exhibits remarkable capacity enhancement of 162% compared to bare MnO₂ at 10 mg cm⁻². This study presents a promising direction for the lab-to-market transition of AZIBs.

Energy & Environmental Science

Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO₂ batteries during the cathode scaleup†

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Deep ion mass transfer addressing the capacity shrink challenge of aqueous Zn‖MnO₂ batteries during the cathode scaleup

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