Effect of ZnMgO2 nanoparticles used as a nanofertilizer: promoting the growth activities of rice seedlings

Abstract

The synthesis of ZnMgO₂ bimetallic oxide nanoparticles using Cinchona succirubra (C. succirubra) leaf extract was a focal point of the current study. Analyses through XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and EDX confirmed the composition and formation of these nanoparticles, characterized by an average diameter of 23 ± 1 nm. A significant positive impact on rice growth, in comparison to the control (water), underscored the remarkable effectiveness of this nanoparticle composition in promoting the growth activity of rice plants. Interestingly, as the duration extended from 20 to 60 days, the effect of conventional fertilizer (urea) remained constant, while ZnMgO₂ NPs continued to enhance the growth activity of the plant, including morphological and biochemical parameters. This extended nutrient release over a 40–50-day period, a notable contrast to 4–10 days offered by conventional fertilizer (urea), further highlighted the advantageous features of utilizing nanoparticles as fertilizers. This prolonged release ensures sustained support for plant growth activities, contributing to the long-term agricultural sustainability crucial for global food security. Moreover, the study observed significant stimulation of growth in terms of seed germination, root and shoot length, α-amylase activities, total phenol and flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activity at concentrations of 25 mg L⁻¹ and 75 mg L⁻¹. This robust evidence strongly supports the efficacy of ZnMgO₂ NPs. In conclusion, the results confirm that ZnMgO₂ nanoparticles synthesized from C. succirubra exert a considerable influence on morphological and biochemical parameters in rice seedlings, emphasizing their potential as a valuable component in agricultural practice.