Issue 13, 2024

Recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode: an overview

Abstract

The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are applied in nearly every aspect of our daily life. However, the increasing number of spent LIBs (S-LIBs) poses a great threat to the environment. Thus, to protect the environment and preserve limited lithium resources, it is necessary to recycle S-LIBs. In this review, we initially provide a brief introduction on the structure and degradation mechanism of LIBs and pretreatment of S-LIBs. Subsequently, we highlight the recent advancements in the development of recycling the cathode of S-LIBs, including its direct, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical recovery. The advantages and disadvantages of each recycling process are also discussed from the viewpoint of the environment and economy. In addition, we also introduce the recycling of S-LIBs through a green and environmentally friendly process of treating waste with waste. Finally, the overall perspective of this technology and areas requiring particular attention in the future are discussed.

Graphical abstract: Recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode: an overview

Article information

Article type
Tutorial Review
Submitted
11 Apr 2024
Accepted
28 May 2024
First published
30 May 2024

Green Chem., 2024,26, 7656-7717

Recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode: an overview

X. Zhang and M. Zhu, Green Chem., 2024, 26, 7656 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC01781A

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