Vortex mediated fabrication of 2D antimonene sheets from antimony powder

Fayed Abdullah Alrashaidi; Soraya Rahpeima; Xuan Luo; Kasturi Vimalanathan; Abdulrahman S. Alotabi; Thaar Alharbi; Xianjue Chen; Dechao Chen; Youhong Tang; Christopher Gibson; Nadim Darwish; Qin Li; Colin L. Raston

doi:10.1039/D4MR00058G

Vortex mediated fabrication of 2D antimonene sheets from antimony powder†

Fayed Abdullah Alrashaidi,^ab Soraya Rahpeima,^ac Xuan Luo,

^a Kasturi Vimalanathan,

^a Abdulrahman S. Alotabi,

^ad Thaar Alharbi,^e Xianjue Chen,^f Dechao Chen,

^g Youhong Tang,

^a Christopher Gibson,^ah Nadim Darwish,^c Qin Li

^g and Colin L. Raston

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
E-mail: colin.raston@flinders.edu.aus

^b Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia

^c School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute for Functional Molecule and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia

^d Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia

^e Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah, Almunawarrah 42353, Saudi Arabia

^f School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia

^g Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia

^h Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia

Abstract

Antimony powder is transformed into 2D antimonene in a vortex fluidic device (VFD) at ambient conditions, depending on the choice of solvent (optimised as a 1 : 1 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and dimethylformamide) and the operating parameters of the microfluidic platform which houses a rapidly rotating quartz tube inclined at +45°. It is hypothesised that the Coriolis force from the hemispherical base of the tube, as typhoon like high-shear topological fluid flow down to submicron dimensions, generates localised heating at the quartz interface. This melts the antimony powder (m.p. 630.6 °C) in situ which crystallizes in the β-phase, with semi-conducting antimonene a few layers thick, and demonstrating novel photoluminescence.

RSC Mechanochemistry

Vortex mediated fabrication of 2D antimonene sheets from antimony powder†

Abstract

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