Synchronously improved luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of organic–inorganic chloride single crystals through doping of Sb3+

Abstract

Herein, (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃ doped with Sb³⁺ single crystals were grown at room temperature. The crystal structure was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 293 K. The doping of Sb³⁺ not only improves the excitation intensity in the blue-light region but also red emission only from Mn²⁺. The emission intensity (I_e) of (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃:0.5%Sb³⁺ is about 1.5 times higher than that of (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃. The internal and external quantum yield (IQY and EQY) values excited by 450 nm light for the former are 78.6% and 16.0%, which are much higher than those of the latter (56.3% and 10.7%), indicating that Sb³⁺ can effectively transfer energy to Mn²⁺. Moreover, the doping of Sb³⁺ is beneficial to the thermal stability. The I_e of (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃:0.5%Sb³⁺ at 150 °C is about 1.2 times higher than that of (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃ at 25 °C. Meanwhile, the white LED based on (CH₃)₄NMnCl₃:0.5%Sb³⁺ also exhibits good optoelectronic performance. Hence, this work provides a new strategy to explore hybrid manganese(II) chlorides for white LEDs.