Giant supermagnonic Bloch point velocities in cylindrical ferromagnetic nanowires

Abstract

Achieving high velocities of magnetic domain walls is a crucial factor for their use as information carriers in modern nanoelectronic applications. In nanomagnetism and spintronics, these velocities are often limited either by internal domain wall instabilities, known as the Walker breakdown phenomenon, or by spin wave emission, known as the magnonic regime. In the rigid domain wall model, the maximum magnon velocity acts as an effective “speed of light”, providing a relativistic analogy for the domain wall speed limitation. Cylindrical magnetic nanowires are an example of systems without the Walker breakdown phenomenon. Here we demonstrate that the magnonic limit could be outstandingly surpassed in cylindrical nanowires with high magnetization, such as iron. Our numerical modeling shows the Bloch point domain wall velocities as high as 14 km s⁻¹, well above the magnonic limit estimated in the interval 1.7–2.0 km s⁻¹. The key ingredient is the three-dimensional conical shape of the domain wall, which elongates and breaks during the dynamics, expelling backwards pairs of Bloch points. This leads to domain wall acceleration, the effect, which resembles the “jet propulsion”. This effect will be very important for three-dimensional networks based on cylindrical magnetic nanowires.