New routes towards azomethine ylide generation from prolines to synthesize diverse N-heterocycles: a DFT supported endo-selective mechanism

Abstract

Azomethine ylides are generated using either organocatalysts or metal catalysts via a ballet of decarboxylative C–N coupling choreographed by prolines. These strategies enable diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition, C–C coupling, and ring annulation, providing sustainable routes. The synthesized pyrrolizines and other heterocycles have potential applications in the development of crucial biomolecules and pharmaceuticals. The endoselectivity of the azomethine ylide is realized and supported through DFT calculations.