Simultaneously improving the pore structure and electron conductive network of the anode catalyst layer via SnO2 doping for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production. However, its large-scale commercial application is limited by its high precious metal loading, because low catalyst loading leads to reduced electron transport channels and decreased water transportation, etc. Herein, we study the electrode level strategy for reducing Ir loading by the optimization of the micro-structure of the anode catalyst layer via SnO₂ doping. The pore structure and electron conductive network of the anode catalyst layer can be simultaneously improved by SnO₂ doping, under appropriate conditions. Therefore, mass transfer polarization and ohmic polarization of the single cell are reduced. Moreover, the enhanced pore structure and improved electron conduction network collectively contribute to a decreased occurrence of charge transfer polarization. By this strategy, the performance of the single cell with the Ir loading of 1.5 mg cm⁻² approaches the single cell with the higher Ir loading of 2.0 mg cm⁻², which means that SnO₂ doping saves about 25% loading of Ir. This paper provides a perspective at the electrode level to reduce the precious metal loading of the anode in PEMWE.