Dispersive micro solid phase extraction of glibenclamide from plasma, urine, and wastewater using a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer followed by its determination by a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector

Abstract

The present study describes the development of a simple and selective analytical method for dispersive micro solid phase extraction and determination of glibenclamide (GLB) using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) as a sorbent. MMIP was fabricated by the non-covalent method on the surface of silicated Fe₃O₄ and had a high affinity for glibenclamide; dual monomers, itaconic acid and allylamine, were used for this. Polymerization was achieved by the precipitation method in the presence of glibenclamide as the template and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. The morphology and structural properties of the MMIP were characterized by different analytical methods. To achieve maximum extraction efficiency, influencing parameters were optimized. The linearity range was 1–2000 and 12–2000 μg L⁻¹ by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. The detection and quantification limits with UV-vis and HPLC-PDA analyses were 4 and 12 μg L⁻¹ and 0.3 and 1 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Under optimized conditions, recovery of glibenclamide spiked in plasma, human urine, and wastewater was between 89.4 and 102.9% at the concentration levels of 25, 250, and 500 μg L⁻¹; relative standard deviations were below 3.7% by HPLC-PDA. The developed method has a favorable pre-concentration factor of 140.0. Equilibrium data and sorption isotherms fitted well with the Langmuir model. A maximum sorption capacity of 24.260 mg g⁻¹ was acquired based on the Langmuir model. The synthesized sorbent with high selectivity was used to separate GLB from complex biological systems and wastewater before measurement with UV-vis or HPLC-PDA.