Synergistic magnetoelectric enhancement in 0–3 particulate multiferroic composites: unveiling the exceptional interplay of Ba0.85Sm0.15TiO3 and Co0.85Sm0.15Fe2O4 phases for superior energy conversion

Abstract

This study investigates the complex investigation of the 0–3 particulate multiferroic properties found in composite materials. The materials used in this study are (1 − x)Ba_0.85Sm_0.15TiO₃ (SmBT)–xCo_0.85Sm_0.15Fe₂O₄ (SmCF), and the research utilizes a combination of the solid-state reaction method and mechanical milling techniques. A cubic spinel secondary phase was discovered in Co_0.85Sm_0.15Fe₂O₄, while a tetragonal structure was found in Ba_0.85Sm_0.15TiO₃. The M–H loops clearly indicate the presence of exchange interactions between spins with varying orientations within the domains. As the proportion of SmCF in the composites increased, the saturation magnetization and magnetic moments became stronger, indicating a greater level of exchange interactions. Through a temperature-dependent analysis, an increase was observed in both the dielectric constant (ε_r) and dielectric loss (tan δ). Nevertheless, there was a decrease in ε_r above the Curie temperature. It is worth mentioning that there was a significant increase in the magnetoelectric coupling constant, suggesting a stronger interaction between magnetic and electric fields. This increased interaction leads to a more effective conversion of electrical energy into its magnetic equivalent, indicating a significant improvement in overall energy efficiency. The results of our study shed light on a promising direction for the development of advanced multifunctional materials, which could have significant implications for energy-efficient applications.