Analysis of the seasonal water quality variation at the hydraulic junction of a dual-source water distribution system

Abstract

The implementation of a dual-source water supply system offers an increased level of reliability in water provision; however, intricate hydraulic dynamics introduce apprehensions regarding water safety at the hydraulic junction. In this study, we gathered data of the water quality at the hydraulic junction of a dual-source water supply system (plant A and plant B, sampling site A₁₀ was near plant A, and sampling site A₁₂ was near plant B) for one year in Suzhou Industrial Park. Our findings indicated that seasonal variations and water temperature exerted significant influence on the composition and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Notably, during the warmer months spanning from June to September, the concentration of trihalomethanes was the highest at the hydraulic junction, whereas the concentration of residual chloride was the lowest. The analysis on DBPs revealed that more Br-containing precursors in water in plant A resulted in the accumulation of more Br-containing DBPs at A₁₀, whereas the highest concentration of Cl-containing DBPs accumulated at A₁₂. The analysis of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition indicated an increase in concentration at A₁₀ and A₁₂ compared with that in plant A and plant B. The highest concentration of humic acids was observed at A₁₀, whereas A₁₂ accumulated the highest concentration of aromatic proteins and microbial metabolites. Owing to the fluctuations in water consumption patterns at the hydraulic junction, the water quality was susceptible to variability, thereby posing an elevated risk. Consequently, extensive efforts are warranted to ensure the maintenance of water safety and quality at this critical interface.