Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic, biodegradable, waterborne polyurethanes without using organic solvent and catalyst

Abstract

Traditionally, waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) are prepared using toxic organic solvents and catalysts. These WPUs are non-biodegradable and are buried or incinerated after the expiration date. This has adverse effects on the environment and human health, which limits the applications of WPUs. Herein, a special synthetic method was developed for biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) by adding hydrophilic prepolymers into WPU prepolymers without using organic solvents and catalysts. Different proportions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were introduced into polycaprolactone (PCL)-based BWPUs to improve the comprehensive properties. Results showed that as the PEG content was increased from 0 to 16 wt%, the solid content of BWPU increased from 34.8 wt% to 53.1 wt%, while the tensile strength and Young's modulus of BWPU films increased from 21.81 MPa to 56.83 MPa and 8.08 MPa to 19.4 MPa, respectively. However, the elongation at break did not decrease significantly, but still reached 827.17%. With an increase in PEG content, the crystallinity and phase separation decreased, while the hydrophilicity and surface energy increased for BWPU films. In addition, the prepared BWPUs had good biodegradability in PBS/lipase solution. The mass loss of BWPU without PEG reached 6.3 wt% after 4 weeks of degradation, whereas the mass losses of BWPUs with PEG reached 2.3–4.3 wt%. Obviously, the introduction of PEG did not increase biodegradability. Thus, the higher the PCL content, the faster the biodegradation rate. This work would provide an effective method for the preparation of ecofriendly biodegradable BWPU with excellent comprehensive properties.