Electrochemical water splitting enhancement by introducing mesoporous NiCoFe-trimetallic phosphide nanosheets as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract

Transition metal-based catalysts are widely used in electrocatalysis, especially in the field of water splitting, due to their excellent electrochemical performance, which focuses on improving the efficiency of the complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that occurs at the anode. Transition metal-based catalysts will undergo electrochemical surface reconstruction and form (oxy)hydroxide-based hybrids, which consider the actual active sites for OER. So many efforts have been made to know the origin of the effect of electrochemical surface reconstruction on the performance of the OER. Herein, NiCoFe-phosphide catalyst nanosheets were constructed by a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction by adding oleylamine and ethanol to water solvent during the preparation of the catalyst precursor and high-temperature gas-phase phosphating and significantly showed high effectiveness catalytic activity and conductivity in comparison to normal and traditional preparation methods. Electrochemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) demonstrate that the surface was constructed during the electrochemical reaction and formed an amorphous layer of MO_x(OH)_y active sites, which increased the electrochemical surface area and promoted charge transfer. As well, the synthesized NiCoFeP_x-PNSs catalyst nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic activity with a low overpotential equal to 259 mV to achieve the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² and a low Tafel slope of 50.47 mV dec⁻¹ which is better than for most reported transition metal-based electrocatalysts. This work provides a new design for a transition metal-based catalyst for OER as well as further insights into the effect of electrochemical surface reconstruction on intrinsic activity and OER performance.