Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of a novel nanocomposite using molybdenum and [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid

Abstract

Currently, nanocomposites are synthesized and used in various fields. One of the applications of these nanostructures is in the medical field. Therefore, the synthesis of new composites with biological properties is important. In this study, under microwave conditions, a new nanocomposite containing molybdenum and [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (Mo/BPDA) was synthesized. The synthesized Mo/BPDA composite was subjected to biological evaluations such as antibacterial and antifungal properties by clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines, and anticancer properties by MTT method. Characterization and structure characteristics of the Mo/BPDA nanocomposite were evaluated using XRD (X-ray diffraction pattern), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared), EDAX (energy-dispersive X-ray), EA (elemental analysis), TGA/DTG (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis. The results indicated relatively high thermal stability (300 °C), high specific surface area (35 cm³ g⁻¹) and uniform morphology of the synthesized Mo/BPDA nanocomposite. In antibacterial and antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (between 2 and 256 μg mL⁻¹), minimum bactericidal concentration (between 4 and 128 μg mL⁻¹), and minimum fungicidal concentration (between 64 and 256 μg mL⁻¹) were tested and reported. The results showed that the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mo/BPDA nanocomposite is higher than that of antibiotic drugs such as ampicillin, cefazolin, ketoconazole, and nystatin. In the investigation of the anticancer activity that was tested against bone cancer cells and breast cancer cells for 24 and 48 hours, cell proliferation and viability (37.3648–82.0674 tan control) and IC₅₀ (33–43 μg mL⁻¹) were observed. As a final result, it can be stated that the synthesized Mo/BPDA nanocomposite after the additional biological evaluations, such as in vivo study, can be used as an efficient option in treating bone cancer cells and breast cancer cells and a strong antibiotic on a wide range of infectious diseases.