Application of magnetic deep eutectic solvents as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazole-nicotinonitrile hybrids via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation

Abstract

Magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) are adjuvants and an emerging subclass of heterogeneous catalysts in organic transformations. Herein, choline chloride (Ch/Cl) embedded on naphthalene bis-urea-supported magnetic nanoparticles, namely, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@DES1, was constructed by a special approach. This compound was scrutinized and characterized by instrumental techniques such as FTIR, thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Potential catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@DES1 was impressive, facilitating the synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazole-nicotinonitrile hybrids via a multicomponent method with 65–98% yields. Enhanced rates, high yields, mild reaction conditions, and recycling and reusability of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@DES1 are the distinct benefits of this catalytic organic synthetic methodology.