An electrochemiluminescence device for visualized detection of lead in practical samples

Abstract

Lead (Pb²⁺) pollution poses a significant threat to human health due to its potential accumulation through the food chain. In response to this challenge, an array of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) devices has been developed for the accurate and visualized detection of trace Pb²⁺, achieving an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 9.8 pg L⁻¹. The device utilizes a Pb²⁺-specific aptamer DNA chain, modified on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), to create an efficient ECL probe. The integration of this ECL probe into an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate results in a Pb²⁺ specific array device. With the assistance of an up-response ECL imaging system, this setup enables the accurate and visualized determination of trace Pb²⁺, not only in standard solution containing interference ions, but also in practical samples of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., Glycyrrhiza uralensis and lake water. This work advances the visual detection of Pb²⁺ using ECL-based technology, demonstrating significant potential for enhancing food safety.