Nanohexagonal iron barium titanate nanoparticles surface-modified NiFe2O4 composite screen-printed electrode for enzymatic glucose monitoring

Abstract

A nanocomposite of iron barium titanate/NiFe₂O₄ (FBT/NF) was synthesized using sol–gel techniques to form organized hexagonal structures. The effects of NiFe₂O₄ nanostructures on FBT's phase purity, morphology, and dielectric properties were systematically explored and intensively discussed. TEM imaging confirmed the hexagonal structure, and electrical measurements revealed that para-electric NF influenced the conductivity and impedance of ferroelectric FBT, with a shift in Curie temperature to lower values. The FBT/NF nanocomposite was optimized for use in glucose amperometric biosensors, offering fast and direct electron transfer from glucose oxidase that was chemically immobilized on disposable sensor chips. Thus, the biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (757.14 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), a fast response time of 50 seconds, and a wide linear range of 0.0027–1.9 mM with a low detection limit of 0.5 μM. Accordingly, the biosensor was exploited for blood glucose detection, showing high precision compared to reference methods. These findings highlighted the potential of the FBT/NF nanocomposite for use in developing biosensor portable devices.