Enhanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers via acid-triggered RAFT polymerization

Abstract

The synthesis of multiblock copolymers has emerged as an efficient tool to not only reveal the optimal way to access complex structures and investigate polymer properties but also to ascertain the end-group fidelity of a given polymerization methodology. Although reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is arguably the most dominant strategy employed, its success is often hampered by the unavoidable and excessive use of radical initiators which results in increased termination and loss of end-group fidelity. In this work, we employ acid in RAFT polymerization to enhance the synthesis of multiblock copolymers. By the addition of a small amount of acid, a 4-fold decrease in the overall required radical initiator concentration was achieved, enabling the synthesis of a range of well-defined multiblock copolymers with various degrees of polymerization (DP) per block. The acid enhances the propagation rate, minimizing the initiator concentration. In all cases, near-quantitative monomer conversion was obtained (>97%) for every iterative block formation step. Notably, and in contrast to conventional RAFT approaches, the tailing to low molecular weight was significantly suppressed and the dispersity was maintained nearly constant (i.e. in most cases Đ = 1.1–1.2), thus indicating minor termination events and side reactions during acid-enhanced synthesis. The possibility to synthesize multiblocks consisting of methacrylates, acrylates, and acrylamides was also demonstrated. This work presents an advancement in the synthesis of well-defined multiblock copolymers and more broadly, RAFT polymers with high end-group fidelity.