Thermo-responsive emission induced by different delocalized excited-states in isomorphous Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) one-dimensional chains

Abstract

The self-assembly of d⁸ transition metal complexes is essential for the development of optoelectronic and sensing materials with superior photofunctional properties. However, detailed insight into the electronic delocalization of excited states across multiple molecules, particularly in comparing 5d⁸ (Pt(II)) and 4d⁸ (Pd(II)) systems, remains ambiguous but important. In this study, we have successfully evaluated the differences in the excited-state delocalization and thermal responses of self-assembled Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes. Although the complexes presented herein, K[M(CN)₂(dFppy)]·H₂O (M = Pt or Pd, dFppy = 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinate), are crystallographically isomorphous with similarly short metal⋯metal contacts, only the Pt(II) complex exhibited thermal equilibria between delocalized excited states, resulting in a drastic thermochromic luminescence with a red-shift of greater than 100 nm. In contrast, the dimeric localized emission from the Pd(II) complex showed a significant increase in the quantum yield upon cooling, approaching almost unity.