Study on the impact of battery pack arrangement on temperature uniformity distribution

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, the thermal performance of lithium-ion batteries is a major concern, as overheating can lead to safety hazards. This study aims to investigate the impact of structural parameters on the temperature field of battery packs, with a focus on, the width of wedge-shaped channels, inclination angles, and gaps between battery cells. Through numerical simulation analysis and experimental validation, the results demonstrate that different structural parameters have a significant influence on the temperature distribution and thermal management performance within the battery pack. Optimizing the wedge-shaped flow channel in the upper section of the battery pack (width: 20 mm to 60 mm) improves cooling efficiency and temperature uniformity, with a narrower width (20 mm) resulting in a lower maximum temperature (311.5 K) and smaller temperature difference between cells (1.8 K). By optimizing the inclination angle in battery pack configurations, the temperature distribution can be significantly improved, with a 12° inclination angle resulting in a maximum temperature reduction to 311.2 K and a maximum temperature difference reduction to 1.5 K, thus enhancing the thermal performance and lifespan of the battery pack. The gap dimension between batteries can significantly affect the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack, and the smaller gap makes the temperature distribution between each battery cell more uniform, and the highest temperature can be reduced by about 10 K, which enhances the stability and service life of the battery pack. In conclusion, by carefully designing and optimizing the structural parameters of battery packs, manufacturers can enhance the thermal management effectiveness of battery systems, improve performance and reliability, and drive the development of electric vehicles (EV) and renewable energy storage technologies.