Production of mask oil using a biogas-fired reactor with a fly ash catalyst and its assessment in a diesel engine

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, disposable masks were widely used, which raised substantial environmental concerns due to their improper disposal and plastic pollution. The masks, primarily made from polypropylene, represent not only an environmental degradation problem, but also an opportunity for energy recovery. In an innovative approach, these used masks were converted into ‘mask oil,’ which can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, providing a sustainable solution to waste management and energy conservation. The mask oil, derived from the degradation of used masks, exhibits properties that make it a viable alternative to conventional diesel fuel. Its low density and kinematic viscosity enable it to atomize and vaporize more rapidly, which results in a greater efficiency of combustion. A lower flash point reduces ignition delay and accelerates combustion initiation, while a higher fire point ensures sustained combustion. According to GC-MS analysis, the mask oil contains a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds that enhance its lubricity and burning properties. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups such as alkenes and alcohols that enhance the reactivity and combustion efficiency of the oil. A test on a Kirloskar TV1 diesel engine demonstrated superior heat release rates and cylinder pressures in comparison to diesel, as well as lower unburned hydrocarbon emissions.