Harnessing solid-state technology for next-generation iron–air batteries

Abstract

Iron–air batteries are increasingly recognized as a significant technological advancement for renewable energy due to their substantial potential for large-scale energy storage. This review summarizes the current status of iron–air battery technology, with a particular emphasis on the trend toward solid-state configurations. We categorize and analyze various types of iron–air batteries and their respective characteristics, followed by an exploration of how solid-state technology has facilitated technological advancements and theoretical innovations across these battery types. Furthermore, we engage in a comprehensive discussion on the challenges currently confronting solid-state iron–air batteries, along with proposed innovative solutions to address these obstacles. The objective of this review is to shed light on the development prospects of solid-state iron–air batteries and to suggest potential avenues for enhancing their overall performance.